The Control and Treatment of Chagas Disease essays

The Control and Treatment of Chagas Disease papers Chagas sickness as of now influences 16 million individuals and 100 million individuals are believed to be in danger of getting the ailment. Of these 16 million individuals, 30% will create incapacitating injuries that portray the serious type of the sickness. It is answerable for a financial misfortune to the endemic nations of South America of in any event 4 billion/year. This kind of conservative misfortune joined with the money related advantages of viable control implies that trypanosomiasis control is exceptionally high on the plan for Latin American governments. [1] Chagas ailment has as of late been perceived as the most genuine parasitic illness of the Americas; their social Southern Cone Initiative, was made and it is the association right now answerable for dispensing with transmission of the parasite liable for transmission. Figure 1 shows which are the Southern Cone Countries, and provides us some insight into how far reaching the ailment is. [2] Carlos Chagas, who found the sickness in 1909, realized that; 1. People living in poor lodging conditions were in all probability going to experience the ill effects of the malady in light of the fact that; The malady is brought about by a beat parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Its primary vector is Triatoma infestans. Grown-ups and hatchlings of the creepy crawlies live in a household natural surroundings and can be found collected during sunshine inside divider hole in the house. They become dynamic around evening time while going looking for their host. 2. ...the key point for mediation would include vector control. Clinical treatment of Chagas is troublesome. How are we going to control a sickness where no current antibody exists? The WHO (World Health Organization) accepts that Chagas illness can be defeated by means of inte... <!

Cypop 5 Task 6

Assignment 6 Maintaining a decent relationship needs a great deal of data for it to work, it is basic for the guardians to be required as they are the MOST notable individual in the child’s life. Without correspondence and data a little issue can rapidly transform into a huge issue which will be progressively hard to unravel. The guardians are the ones that know their kid the best and furthermore hold the way in to all their little ways. We as childminders help the youngsters to create to their best potential, by including the guardians we would all be able to cooperate in the same spot to give the kid the consistency they have to develop.Good correspondence is an essential piece of the connection between guardians, kids and childminders; this will ensure that the kid and guardians know how they are jumping on and what has been going on while the kid is in your setting. This can be kept up by ordinary gatherings to talk about the child’s progress and furthermore any iss ues that might be happening. These conversations may uncover changes in the child’s home/public activity so should be taken care of sensitively.When the guardians have chosen to utilize my administration I will give them a duplicate of my agreement and request that they remove it to peruse and to sign it. In the principal meeting the guardians will be given all the data expected to settle on a choice whether to send their youngster to me. This data could incorporate accessibility and costing, I will likewise give a voyage through my offices and a clarification of the exercises that I will give. Schedules are significant in a child’s life, where conceivable I will attempt to work with them. Each child’s needs are extraordinary, from snooze times to unique weight control plans etc.From the main meeting with the kid/guardians I will work with them both to discover their necessities and have them arranged into the days exercises. An understanding will be made among myself and the guardians to give what the kid needs to create and anything that the youngster is or isn't permitted, e. g. desserts, TV, toys and so forth. Where conceivable the youngsters will be associated with dynamic, for instance what exercises they might want to do, what to have for lunch and so forth giving these choices are practicable and fall inside the concurred guidelines.It is essential to let the kids participate in the everyday running of the setting any place it is protected to do as such, this will give them an awareness of other's expectations and accomplishment. Schedules change and contrast from youngster to kid; an offspring of a year would have an alternate everyday practice to an offspring of 5 years. As a kid develops I will ensure that the routine is changed to suit the necessities of the kid. For instance they may require a shorter rest time or in the event that they are a more seasoned kid, at that point ensure their schoolwork is finished. Supper times an d so on may should be changed to mirror the changing routines.As a youngster develops the requirement for things like nappy changing, 1:1 taking care of and snooze time decline and the ideal opportunity for playing and connecting increments. When the youngster arrives at school they may need to have expanded unwinding time with the goal that they can change in accordance with a school schedule, and all the more tranquil time so any schoolwork can be finished. The manner by which I will invite another youngster to my setting is present myself and the others in My family to the kid and perhaps â€Å"buddy† them up with another kid on the off chance that conceivable of a comparable age to themselves.The new kid will, at that point have somebody they can go to for any assistance on the off chance that they would prefer not to come to me. I will ensure that any extraordinary sofa-beds are recognized before hand and carried with the youngster on the principal day so that there is s omething natural they can be alright with. From the start the youngster will be engaged with a portion of the dynamic, and I will be there on the off chance that they have any issues or on the off chance that they simply need a nestle. I could assist them with settling in by knowing any data that may support, I. . any kin, pets, most loved relatives/toys and so forth. I could utilize this data to help them in the change from home to childminder; this might be the first occasion when they have been away from their folks. All the youngsters in my consideration will be dealt with similarly and with deference, however I will likewise consider distinctive social contrasts. The youngsters in my consideration will be urged to find out about different people’s societies, history and foundations, this could incorporate food, strict celebrations, music and so on.

Oh Wow

Oh Wow I should NOT be writing this right now because I have a ton of other work to do (let me rephrase that. . . .AAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHH!!!!!!!!!!!!) This is just a quick update on how life is for me right now (thats what these blogs are for, right? These are supposed to give you an inside look as to what your next year of school may look like). I have two psets due tomorrow (halfway through with each), I UROP from 2 to 6 today, after which I have to run to Target and go shopping for pants and for toy design stuff. Then I run back to the dorm, finish my psets and study for my seminar. Tomorrow I have class at 9 AM until 4:30 PM, at which point I go back to my dorm and begin my 18.03 pset. I have no idea whats going on in that class, this pset will take ~forever. I need to finish it before Thursday though because . . . On Thursday I have a 9 AM recitation and then I meet my prefrosh Chris 12 for CPW! In theory, by this point in time, I will be done with all psets (this is just a theory). Ill spend the middle of my Thursday doing random stuff for CPW and then I UROP from 2 until 6. After UROP I am entrenched in CPW stuff for the rest of the weekend (Burton-Conner activities, Meet the Bloggers, hosting, working, etc) So thats my week. I need to get back to 2.001 now, hopefully I can finish it before 2? Ha, doubtful, but heres to hope.

The Problem Of Sorcery And Witchcraft Essay - 1306 Words

In the chapter â€Å"The Problem of Sorcery and Witchcraft in the Age of Reformation,† the section â€Å"John Calvin: Witchcraft and the Reformation† discusses what is considered witchcraft, and why it is. In his â€Å"Sermon of Deuteronomy,† John Calvin does this by distinguishing the roles of â€Å"Enchanters, Sorcerers, Calkers, workers with Familiars, and of such as ask counsel of the dead,† within context of both old and new testaments and the church reformation. In doing so, Calvin maintains the concept of surrendering â€Å"a soul to the devil† in accordance to the continuing belief of witchcraft. In relation to other documents within the chapter, the overall concept referring to an intensifying fear of witchcraft is based on theological events in sixteenth-century Europe during the church reformation. The document by Calvin provides one of three viewpoints regarding witchcraft during this era; the three viewpoints being Protestant, Catholic, or the notion that witchcraft in general is not real. However, despite the differences of opinion, all sides seem to agree on the concept that witchcraft in general is not good. In this particular document of the chapter, John Calvin, taking the protestant approach, describes the concept of witchcraft as a pact between the devil and a witch; the witch being someone who practices things such as enchantments, sorcery, speaking with the dead, etc. This relationship between the devil and the witch is a direct result of what Calvin describes as: Satan’sShow MoreRelatedThe Trial Of Tempel Anneke : Records Of Witchcraft Trials1621 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals were executed for witchcraft, most of which occurred throughout central Europe. Constant religious and political upheaval caused elites to attempt to harness control over populations, which led to multiple laws being passed in regards to witchcraft. Torture was allowed and women and children were called to testify in the court room. Individuals who were seen to be outcasts on the outer edge of society were immediately targeted and easily suspected of sorcery. The Trial of Tempel Anneke:Read MoreWitchcraft And Magic Became A Taboo1565 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of witchcraft and magic became a taboo in early modern Europe. Most individuals living in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries believed that these witches could connect with a different realm to influence the world they found themselves in, the natural world. There was no way of pointing out a wi tch and so these arbitrary guidelines made by looking at stereotypes that outcasts had, led them early modern Europe into the witch hunts, where unfair trials meant the lives of innocent individualsRead MoreHow Witchcraft Operates to Maintain a Sense of Order890 Words   |  4 Pagestrusted their struggles would disappear with the help of another. Witchcraft was the incredible yet terrifying thing that was responsible for this great uproar in some societies. According to the text Identity, Race and Power, witchcraft is a belief system that serves as a method of social control by directing anger towards others (Miller et al. 2013:214).. Throughout history the individuals with political power would use witchcraft as an excuse to maintain order throughout a given society. LookingRead MoreSupernatural Events And Miracles : A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1056 Words   |  5 Pagesbreak the curse their children will maybe cursed as well. Some supernatural actives are â€Å"witchcraft and sorcery( Russell1)†. â€Å"Witchcraft id the exercise or invocation of alleged supernatural powers to control people or events, practices typically involving sorcery or magic(Russell 1)†. â€Å"Sorcery, magician, or â€Å"witch† attempts to influence the surrounding world(Russell 1)† â€Å" Before the 14th century, witchcraft was much alike in villages from Ireland to Russia and from Sweden to Sicily; however, theRead MoreTrial of Temple Anneke Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesPredetermined Justice Witchcraft in early modern Europe was understood to be the combination of maleficium and diabolism. The term maleficium refers to the actual act of witchcraft, which was believed to be harmful magic or sorcery. Allegations of maleficium were simply the foundation for the crime of witchcraft. Diabolism is what made witchcraft a crime because it involved trading oneself for magical abilities from the Devil (xxv). With regard to religion during early modern Europe, itRead MoreDo You Believe? Evil? Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesDo you believe in good? Do you believe in evil? ...if the answer is yes; then you must believe in Witchcraft. A spooky and evil subject matter that might seem cartoonish, ludicrous or maybe just a myth. Or maybe a reality persisting evil on to the 21st century and beyond towards the future? King James I of Scotland believed in witches’ in fact he claimed to have encountered witches and help prosecute plus execute them thus paving way for his guide on witches entitled: â€Å"Demonology† a book explainingRead MoreCauses and Effects of Witchcraft.1861 Words   |  8 Pagesof magic and witchcraft is a phenomenon that has captured the minds of millions since the beginning of history. These so called witches have caused fear, hatred, interest, widespread panic and variety of other emotions in other people from all over the world. Every society and civilization on this planet have all some form of witchcraft in their history, witchcraft itself ha e deep history of its own causing it to be recognized in literature and modern society. Beliefs in witchcraft is a common phenomenonRead MoreIs African Witchcraft a Cure or Curse to Zambian Society?689 Words   |  3 PagesQ. Is African Witchcraft a Cure or Curse to Zambian Society? ​ In remote parts of Zambia when people get sick, instead of being taken to a medically trained doctor, their family takes them to a witch doctor with magical powers. These families often believe an evil spirit has put a curse on the sick family member. Such superstitious thoughts are not uncommon in Zambia. Witchcraft has a long history in Zambia and even today people turn to such practices. In the bush, a witch doctor is sometimesRead MoreThe And Folklore Of All Hallows1629 Words   |  7 PagesEncyclopedia. The Free Dictionary. Farlex, n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2016. As witch conspiracies were so often in the 1600s-1700s they began witch hunting. Witch hunt is when, one sets out a trial to find whomever is responsible for any sort of witchcraft or strange actions. As witches were caught some would beg in mercy to deny all questioning, but usually were found ‘’guilty† as it was very unlikely to not . In result all execution ended in the 18th century and the rest had been dealt by law. As itRead MoreThe Consequences Of The Salem Witch Trials945 Words   |  4 Pagesof their father. The young childrens cries and screams struck a wave of mass hysteria in salem. Three accused witches were brought before the judges Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne and questioned to seek the truth if these women are guilty of witchcraft , even as their accusers appeared in the courtroom and convince the judges of their witchery and see that the accused are found guilty. Hysteria spread through the town of salem and eventually found its way to t he rest of Massachusetts, a number

Communication And Professional Relationships With Children

Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults Why effective communication is important in building positive relationships Good communication is central to working with children. It is key to establishing and maintaining relationships, and is an active process that involves listening, questioning, understanding and responding. All communication should be age appropriate, matching the stage of development, personal circumstances, and the needs of the person being spoken to. Communication is not just about the words you use, but also about the way you are speaking and your body language, emotional expressions and actions. Non-verbal communication sometimes has a more powerful impact than verbal†¦show more content†¦Use non-verbal skills and behaviour Summarising and Explaining - Summarise situations in the appropriate way for the individual, explaining what has happened or will happen next and what they are consenting to then decide together how to involve parents or carers in the choices to be made. Consultation and negotiation - Consult the child or young person, and their parents or carers from the beginning of the process. Inform, involve and help the child or young person to express what they are feeling. Recognise that different people have different interests in a situation and be able to work with them to reach the best and most fair conclusion for the child or young person. Be clear on Key points when giving information, this is especially important with children, who may find it hard to maintain their attention for extended periods of time. And finally try to remember that communication is a two way thing and sometimes stress levels can get high, sometimes a sense of humour is all that is needed as it allows us to see the lighter side of a situation and can hopefully prevent a situation from escalating What can affect relationships and the way people communicate Different social, professional and cultural contexts may affect relationships and the way people communicate due to lack of understanding of the others lifestyle, belief or culture. This could be through race, religion and ethnicity or where they come from.Show MoreRelatedEssay On Communication And Professional Relationships With Children7131 Words   |  29 Pagesparticular reference to:  · Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults  · Schools as Organisations  · Understanding child and young person development  · Understand how to safeguard the wellbeing of children and young people Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults Effective communication I have learned that being able to utilise good communication skills is fundamental when working with children. It is so important to buildingRead MoreCommunication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People, and Adults891 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication and Professional Relationships: One of the most important roles of teachers is helping children to develop positive relationships with others. For children, this process involves learning cognitive skills while at school and learning how to work and play in collaboration with others. In order for teachers to pass skills on communication and professional relationships with children, young people, and adults; they should be good role models. This involves demonstrating an understandingRead MoreCommunication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adults1687 Words   |  7 PagesUNIT TDA 3.1 – COMMUNICATION AND PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH CHILDREN, YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADULTS 1.1. Effective communication is important in developing positive relationships with children and young adults because it helps the child to be able to communicate effectively with other people as they grow. Children react better to clear, concise communication and this in turn will help to build better relationships between child and adult and enable trust to grow, which is one of the key elementsRead MoreCommunication and Professional Relationships with Children Young People and Adults1872 Words   |  8 PagesUnit Title: Communication and professional relationships with children young people and adults OCR Unit 1 1) 1.1 Effective communication is important in developing positive relationships with children, young people and adults in all walks of life and at any age whether it be with relatives, friends, neighbours, colleagues, associates or even total strangers. Also, effective language skills are essential for children to access the curriculum. In the classroom, spoken language is the main way thatRead More2.3 Communication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adults3307 Words   |  14 Pagesrespectful, professional relationship with children and young people In order to develop a positive relationship with children and young people the Teaching Assistant needs to show they are friendly, approachable and have an interest in talking to the children they are working with. This involves showing good body language, smiling, maintaining eye contact and displaying active listening, such as responding appropriately, asking additional relevant questions and showing empathy. Also children need timeRead MoreUnit 301: Communication professional relationships with children, young people and adults1597 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿1.1 Being able to build positive relationships with others helps children and young people to gain the most from being in school and is important to ensure the communication of information between children and the adults responsible for them. We are more likely to build a positive relationship with someone when we can communicate effectively with them. Effective communication is a way of setting boundaries so everyone knows what is expected of them. Most disagreements and conflicts areRead MoreUnit 1 - Communication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adults4274 Words   |  18 PagesUnit 1 - Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults 1.1 The Importance of maintaining effective communication with children, young people and adults Effective communication is key to developing and then maintaining relationships at all levels of teaching because the pupils have to be able to understand the messages that are being conveyed. Good communication and the ability to express ones feelings and thoughts is an important enabler to buildingRead MoreTda 3.1 Communication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adultstda2178 Words   |  9 PagesCommunication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults. 1.1 It is essential to pupils learning and development that relationships are forged between them and teaching assistants. Effective communication is important because by building sound relationships, children build confidence and are then more likely to access all areas of the curriculum. It is also important to model good relationships with other people in front of children because this is one of the ways thatRead MoreTda 3.1 Communication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adults1934 Words   |  8 Pages TDA 3.1 Communication and Professional relationships with children, young people amp; adults 1 Explain why effective communication is important in developing positive relationships with children, young people and adults. 1.1 It is important to adapt communication to include all children. In my class the children are always greeted with a smile, good morning and how are you today. Some of the children have news to tell you. I get down toRead MoreCommunication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adults Tda 3.12829 Words   |  12 PagesCommunication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adults TDA 3.1 1.1 Effective communication is vital when dealing with children and young people, in particular within the working environment, as it helps establish and maintain clear boundaries for the adolescents who are being dealt with. For example; if a young person is corrected on a behaviour that is negative, such as swearing, they need to see that staff follow the same rule, and that staff lead by example. Otherwise

Jim’s Nobility in Huck Finn Free Essays

Houlihan 1 Mike Houlihan Ms. Fledderman English H April 15, 2013 Nobility at the Bottom of Society Someone who is noble is defined as a distinguished person noted for feats of courage and heroism. The character of Jim in  Huckleberry Finn  by Mark Twain certainly fits that description. We will write a custom essay sample on Jim’s Nobility in Huck Finn or any similar topic only for you Order Now He risked his life in order to free himself from slavery, and in doing so, helps Huck to realize that he has worth. Huck becomes aware of Jim’s sense of love and humanity, his basic goodness, and his desire to help others. Jim faces discrimination based on the color of his skin and is faced with the challenges of racist stereotypes. Twain characterizes Jim as a sincere yet naive character, representing the runaway slave as a fatherly figure who maintains his integrity as being one of the sole characters of the novel who wouldn’t be described as hypocritical, despite the fact that Jim also retains a childlike mentality. Throughout the novel Jim expresses nobility through his selfless nature, his strength to good while resisting evil, and his ability to bear with any misfortune that may befall on him or his loved ones. Mark Twain allows Jim to break racist stereotypes by showing more human qualities of him when he expresses his selfless nature. by assuming a role as a father figure to Huck, who he watches over throughout the bulk of the novel. Jim protects Huck by shielding his view from the dead body that turned out to be Huck’s father Pap. â€Å"I went in en unkivered him and didn’t let you Houlihan 2 come in? Well, den, you kn git yo money when you wants it kase dat wuz him† (320). This show of consideration and paternal care for Huck makes Jim out to be more humane. Jim demonstrates his humanity by not only caring for Huck physically, but also mentally and emotionally in shielding him from a sight that could have been mentally or emotionally strenuous on someone like Huck. Jim’s actions are partly a result of his inability to distance himself from the society which he has been conditioned. There are countless opportunities for Jim to leave Huck during the story, yet he remains by Huck’s side. When Huck and Jim are separated in the fog, Jim says â€Å"When I got all tired out wid work, en wid de callin you, en went to sleep, my heart wuz most broke because I was los, en I didn’t kyer no mo what became er me or der raf† (85). Jim’s freedom is then not worth the price of Huck’s life, and let’s people know that he would readily risk his life for Huck. Twain represents Jim as a paternal figure who maintains his integrity as being one of the only sincere characters of the novel, while contrasting this quality with the typical stereotypes of an uneducated slave during the American slave era. Jim is one of the sole characters of the novel who wouldn’t be described as hypocritical, for he has the integrity to do what’s right when everyone around him choose not to. After Jim and Huck decide to travel together on the Mississippi river; the pair has to depend on each other for survival as they encounter  people who cause obstacles and jeopardize Jim’s freedom. For example when Jim is forced to accompany the king and the duke during their scams he says â€Å"But Huck dese kings o ourn is jus reglar rapscallions; dats what dey is deys reglar rapscallions† (153). Although Huck is simply putting on an act and appeasing them in order to prevent turmoil. Jim thinks that it is ridiculous for someone to be entitled to a servant and recognizes that this is wrong by calling them â€Å"rapscallions†. This could also be twain making a jab at slavery, which is Houlihan 3 ironic because Jim has been a slave all his life without asking questions. When Jim talks about his family, he mentions his daughter whom he had hurt due to the misunderstanding that she was deaf and dumb; this proves to be pivotal point in the novel to see what kind of man Jim truly is. Oh, she was plumb deaf en dumb, Huck, Plumb deaf en dumb en I’d ben a treatn her so† (156). Jim, like most fathers wanted his child to have manners and due to his ignorance of his daughter’s condition hurt her, for he believed she was just being rude. After coming to the realization of her condition, he begins to feel guilt for being unintentionally cruel. By being simple min ded and at the very bottom of the social order, Jim is able to see right wrong, while others who claim to be above him cannot see this. Jim continues to show his nobility by enduring the hardships that he is faced with throughout the novel. He talks about how he feels to Huck to the extent where he forces Huck to stop and think over how he treated Jim. After talking down to Huck after playing a trick on him, Jim tells Huck how he feels and Huck even thinks that â€Å"I wouldn’t done that one if I’d a knowed it would make him feel that way† (142). After thinking this, Huck himself subverts the racist stereotype by humanizing Jim and acknowledging that the black man has the capacity to feel, and Huck allows his mood to be negatively influenced by the thought that he hurt the feelings of a man he considered his friend. Jim’s condition as a human being is improved even more when Huck considers Jim as his friend, making him equal to a white boy. By making Jim equal to himself, Huck is able to humanize Jim and break the cultural perception that Jim is bound to. Another example of how the book illustrates this theme is when Tom kept Jim locked up as a slave when he clearly could have been set free at any moment. Tom was aware Jim was freed from being a slave but decided to keep it a secret. This caused Jim unnecessary poor treatment. Houlihan 4 He was forced by Tom to do things he didn’t want to do. This is shown when Tom forces Jim to have rats, spiders, and snakes in his room. Tom says to Jim â€Å"But Jim, you got to have ‘em- they all do. So don’t make any more fuss about it† (263). This was cruel because Jim was forced to live with the creatures that traumatized him in his past. Though Mark Twain breaks some racist barriers with Jim, other stereotypes about blacks in the era are reinforced throughout the novel and Jim still maintains the strength to endure. Throughout the novel, Mark Twain both reinforces and disputes racist stereotypes of the time period through the portrayal of Jim as a noble character. Jim is depicted as a genuine yet unsophisticated character. Twain represents Jim as a selfless, paternal figure that is able to see right from wrong and maintains his integrity as being one of the only sincere characters of the novel. Twain contrasts this quality with stereotypes typical of an uneducated slave during the American slave era. Though he is a stoic character, Jim is able to span the entire novel as a father figure who protects Huck both physically and emotionally and, even after Huck plays tricks on him, forgives Huck and continues to protect him. Nobility is reinforced when Jim’s simple nature is revealed in various parts throughout the novel. Jim’s gullibility and his language relay the stereotypes of the antebellum south that blacks were somehow not people and were much lower than whites. These ideas become relinquished in the end, for readers are able to see the distinguished human being that Jim characterized. How to cite Jim’s Nobility in Huck Finn, Papers

Effects of Terrorism on Economic Performance

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Terrorism on Economic Performance. Answer: Introduction: International relations can be defined as the manner in which two or more countries behave, interact and regard each other in terms of cultural, political and economic relationships. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the interactions between states giving deep cultural understanding. International relation is necessary to ensure safety in the world. As the world is becoming smaller due to advancement in globalization and technology, peace between the nations is becoming extremely important (Ryder, 2016). In the current world, thousands of nuclear weapons exist where there are attacks without warnings, it is important to know about the importance of international relations. Positive international relations between nations shall boost prosperity, peace, harmony and economy. However, poor international relations between countries may lead to horrific consequences (Khan, Ruiz Estrada, 2015). For example, World War I was a consequence of poor international relations and the mo st destructive wars could have been prevented in Germany, England and France if the relations were good. This essay aims at analyzing the relations of the Islamic State with the US and other Western countries including Australia. The Islamic State has become a terror group destroying peace in the world (Siniver, Lucas, 2016). The essay argues if the threat posed by Islamic State is justified or overrated. The Islamic State, also known as Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or ISIS, is the name of the group after it conquered Western Iraq, Libya and Eastern Syria. The government of the Islamic state are based on the application of Sharia, which is the Islamic law for maintenance of justice, law and order. The Islamic State was originated after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 when the Jordanian militant Abu Musab al-Zarqawi aligned his militant group, Jamaat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad, with al-Qaeda, making it al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) (Siniver, Lucas, 2016). It is argued that the threat of Islamic State is increasing the challenge to international peace and security. According to the third report of the Secretary general Jeffrey Feltman, the United Efforts is putting significant efforts to counter the threats posed by the Islamic state to international peace and security. The sole aim of ISIS is to weaken the efforts of the United Nations in achieving international peace and security (Ryder, 2016). ISIS is considered a significant threat to the US and their allies including Australia. Their desire to establish a modern caliphate is hindered by the US. The ISIS considers that attacking US can add to the advantage of establishing a caliphate. The Islamic State has resources such as finance, oil reserves, medium and heavy weapons from Iraqi and Syrian militaries and infrastructure (Hashim, 2014). Not only this, but ISIS has access to deployment of conventional and unconventional weapons. Islamic State is not only a terrorist group, but they are a successful movement with nihilistic philosophy (Lawson, 2015). Their social media postings on YouTube and Twitter show that their main target audience is the West. Their territorial control allows them to have access to adequate cash by selling electricity, exporting oil and running an extensive extortion racket (Khan, Ruiz Estrada, 2015). According to Munoz (2016), the White Houses counterterrorism official stated that the threat faced by the US and its European allies are increasing significantly after the September 11 attacks (Munoz, 2016). The Islamic State is on a rise and has the ability to expand across the globe and is more powerful than Al Qaeda after the attacks in 2001 in the World Trade Center (Munoz, 2016). As stated by Mr. Rasmussen, the National Counterterrorism Center Chief, the Islamic State has decentralized and diverse nature that allow them to move quickly without much warning that proves to be more dangerous than any other terrorist groups. The Islamic State is dependent on the lone-wolf attackers, who are inspired by the jihad ideology (Munoz, 2016). In case of Al Qaeda, individual operatives were planted inside US as sleeper cells adding to the definite linkage (Lawson, 2015). However, Islamic State lacks such linkages that make US susceptible to radicalization (Munoz, 2016). According to the US intelligence agencies, there is high risk of failure as the type of attacks such as 9/11 takes immense amount of finance, communication and coordination (Munoz, 2016). The US intelligence officials are still struggling to handle the conflict in Yemen, where Al Qaeda establishes a major threshold due to the civil war (Munoz, 2016). It is argued that South Korea is increasing security measures to prevent a potential attack from the Islamic State in the US military and Korea. Donald Trump, the US President called for suspension of immigrants from the places where the terrorists operate (Padden, 2016). The supporters of ISIS threatened to attack Heathrow Airport in 2016 (Dearden, 2016). According to the Intelligence Group, a device would be placed either in New York Airport, Los Angeles International Airport or Heathrow when the Americans were about to celebrate Independence Day. These are the busiest airports in US and stringent security measures were taken (Dearden, 2016). Not only US, but Islamic State threatens the Western countries such as Russia, France, Australia and others (Khan, Ruiz Estrada, 2015). The Australian Government is taking steps to counter terrorism threats. According to Gillman (2016), a terrorizing video was released by ISIS that encouraged terror among the Australians. The footage included bloody executions, mangled bodies and missile attacks showing multiple possibilities of attacks in Melbourne. Melbournes cricket ground and city centre were shown in the video captured by the drone. The footage also captured St. Pauls Cathedral, and Qantas passenger plane at the Melbourne Airport. The current terror threat level of Australia is considered probable (Gillman, 2016). ISIS has evolved with its own judiciary, army, and administration. They are the most heavily-armed group in the history as they have captured abundant military weapons and equipments in Iran and Syria. According to Gillman (2016), ISIS is considered as the richest terrorist group. The group has looted more than five banks in Iraq. Mosuls Central Bank alone yielded more than $400 million dollars in Iraqi currency and gold. ISIS also controls the oil field in Iraq and Syria and generates money from ransoms given by the family of hostages (Rochester, 2013). Every inch on the ground won by ISIS inflates their power and to be the leader of Sunni Muslims (Siniver, Lucas, 2016). The Western allies were determined for a tough fight against ISIS after an attack was called against them. France, a Western ally of the US is also targeted by ISIS. According to the information gathered, the ISIS were planning to attack Europe during the Christmas holiday season and related events. Therefore, the people were asked to be alert as it was predicted that the terrorist group might attack with little or no warning. According to the investigation conducted by CNN, the terrorist link was operating inside Syria. Suspects aged 29 and 37 were arrested as they were considered a part of the operation (Cruickshank, 2016). According to Yan and Levs (2014), the French Interior Minister stated that the terrorists had planned for execution of hostages and mass slaughters. According to the Australian Prime Minister, the government is taking security measures to keep the Australians as safe as possible. The US took measures to ensure safety of its citizens. The leader of ISIS called fo r lone-wolf attacks in France and United States as they were conducting airstrikes in Iraq against Islamic State. The ISIS spokesman also said that they shall kill any disbeliever, be it American, French or any of their allies. The spokesman added that the Americans and Europeans started a war against them and they shall have to pay a huge price for it. The ISIS threatened to make the worldly life into fear and fire by exploding the world, attacking bases, cutting off peoples heads, remove the family from their homes and blow up their homes. However, France is not afraid of such threats as they have been attacked before on the values for humanism and tolerance. They have security and strategies to respond to such threats (Yan, Levs, 2014). However, it is argued that Islamic State threat is overstated. According to a press conference held in Argentina, the ex-President Obama stated that the Islamic State cannot destroy US. They are not an existential threat and are simply murders that have perverted as the Muslim religion. They only intend to encourage fear by killing innocent lives and disrupting the normal lives in the society. ISIS is dangerous and is capable of conducting acts of terrorism, but the terrorists may succeed if the United States believes that they cannot stand against them (Benen, 2016). According to Engelhardt (2016), the Islamic State has generated a stream of revenues through oil sales black market, ransacking the heritage of the region, ransoms from kidnapping and looting the banks. However, it is a self-limited movement that is only capable of expanding if more regions are laid to waste. The Islamic State is so deeply sectarian that it shall never gain the support of Christian, Shia, Alawite or Yaz idi. Also, the practices followed by them are too religious and political that cannot be followed by the Sunnis. It is also argued that it shall take decades and cost around $200 billion that is thrice the Gross Domestic product of Syria to rebuild the nation (Engelhardt, 2016). Again, it is argued that ISIS is not a threat to the US. ISIS is considered as an example of a group of extremists making themselves larger and maintaining their institutional power. More than the attacks, panic prevails among the people due to regular fear infusions. According to Daoud (2014), the US and its allies are turning to Iran for help. Iran is a sober and calculating foe with global reach; the discipline of its loyal cadres and its quest for nuclear weapons make ISIS pale in comparison. Iran is making diplomatic gains in the crisis represented by the ISIS. Therefore, ISIS may be a distraction from the potential threat that can be caused by Iran. America has also given concessions to Iran as they are assisting the nation (Khan, Ruiz Estrada, 2015). The Western countries may lack extensive understanding of the nature of Iranian regime. Iran does not want regional stability, but is looking for power and influence. It is easier for Iran to obtain nuclear weapons. Currently, Ir an may be viewed as a lesser threat than ISIS, but it is possible that ISIS is overrated (Daoud, 2014). Conclusively, the United Nations plays an important role in maintaining international peace and security. International relation is necessary to ensure safety in the world. In the current world, thousands of nuclear weapons exist where there are attacks without warnings, it is important to know about the importance of international relations. The Islamic State has become a terror group destroying peace in the world. The government of the Islamic state are based on the application of Sharia, which is the Islamic law for maintenance of justice, law and order. The sole aim of ISIS is to weaken the efforts of the United Nations in achieving international peace and security. Their social media postings on YouTube and Twitter show that their main target audience is the West. The Islamic State is dependent on the lone-wolf attackers, who are inspired by the jihad ideology. Every inch on the ground won by ISIS inflates their power and to be the leader of Sunni Muslims. They only intend to en courage fear by killing innocent lives and disrupting the normal lives in the society. However, it is a self-limited movement that is only capable of expanding if more regions are laid to waste. Also, ISIS may be a distraction from the potential threat that can be caused by Iran. References Benen, S. (2016).Obama on ISIS: 'They're not an existential threat to us'.MSNBC. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/obama-isis-theyre-not-existential-threat-us Cruickshank, P. (2016).US issues Europe travel alert after France foils ISIS-linked plot.CNN. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/21/us/us-europe-travel-alert-isis/ Daoud, D. (2014).Is ISIS Distracting Us from a More Serious Iranian Threat?.The Tower. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.thetower.org/article/is-isis-distracting-us-from-a-more-serious-threat/ Dearden, L. (2016).Isis supporters threaten attacks on Heathrow and US airports.The Independent. 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